What organ fails after snake bite?

Background: Snake bite can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) through multiple mechanisms. Many of these patients have severe kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy.

Venom may cause changes in blood cells, prevent blood from clotting, and damage blood vessels, causing them to leak. These changes can lead to internal bleeding and to heart, respiratory, and kidney failure.

Notes: Snake bite first affects the blood circulation. Patients bitten by snakes with venom that affects normal blood clotting may have a higher risk of internal bleeding into the brain and other organs, and those affected by dermonecrotic toxins will experience more severe local tissue damage.

Pathogenesis of kidney injury due to snake envenomation includes ischaemia secondary to decreased kidney blood flow caused by systemic bleeding and vascular leakage, proteolytic degradation of the glomerular basement membrane by snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), deposition of microthrombi in the kidney ...

Signs or symptoms of a snake bite may vary depending on the type of snake, but may include: Puncture marks at the wound. Redness, swelling, bruising, bleeding, or blistering around the bite. Severe pain and tenderness at the site of the bite.

Venom may disrupt endothelial cell linings, cause rhabdomyolysis and lead to liver and kidney failure. In addition, cardiac effects such as cardiotoxicity, ST segment changes, infarction of the heart and block have been described.

¹⁹ Permanent neurological injury from hypoxic encephalopathy is an important long-term effect of snake envenoming. Respiratory paralysis or cardiac arrest can both result in hypoxia and multiorgan failure resulting in an early death, but some patients survive with significant neurological impairment.

Sometimes venom injection from the bite may occur. This may result in redness, swelling, and severe pain at the area, which may take up to an hour to appear. Vomiting, blurred vision, tingling of the limbs, and sweating may result.

In terms of foods to avoid after a snake bite, there are no specific foods that are known to worsen the effects of snake venom. However, it is generally recommended to avoid alcohol and caffeine, as these can increase heart rate and blood pressure, which could potentially exacerbate the symptoms of a snake bite.

Ultimately you are going to need antivenom because antivenom is the only definitive treatment for a snake envenomation, but the tips below are designed to help you get to the hospital alive and leave the hospital in one piece.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a well-known life-threatening systemic effect of snake envenomation which commonly happens secondary to snake bites from families of Viperidae and Elapidae.

Besides the neurological effects and toxic potential on various muscles and the blood-clotting cascade, snake venoms are also known to affect the cardiovascular system. Patients bitten by PNG snakes occasionally collapse early and show cardiac rhythmic disturbances that may be due to direct cardiotoxic effects.

Kidney is a highly vascularized organ and susceptible to venom toxicity. Clinical manifestations occur within few hours to 72 hours of viper bite. Renal features include loin pain, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, oliguria, and AKI. AKI is developed in up to 60% of Russell's viper bite patients.

The amount of time it takes to completely recover depends on the kind of snake bite. In most cases, children can recover from a bite from an adder in one to two weeks. Most adults take more than three weeks, but 25% of patients need anywhere from one to nine months.

Local swelling : Viper bites produce more intense local reaction than other snakes. Swelling may become apparent within 15 minutes and becomes massive in 2-3 days. It may persist for up to 3 weeks. The swelling spreads rapidly from the site of the bite and may involve the whole limb and adjacent trunk.

Signs and symptoms

Visible in an hour or more after the person has been bitten. In children, signs and symptoms may appear within minutes.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a well-known life-threatening systemic effect of snake envenomation which commonly happens secondary to snake bites from families of Viperidae and Elapidae.

Cause: infectious agents, inflammation/immune-mediated, nutritional/metabolic disorders, biliary obstruction, toxins, neoplasia, trauma, idiopathic, iatrogenic.

Neurological complications vary according to the offending animal, and are often directly related to toxic effects of the venom, affecting the central nervous system, the neuromuscular transmission, the cardiovascular system, or the coagulation cascade. Snake bite envenoming may result in stroke or muscle paralysis.

Rather than non-IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity, patients receiving the second treatment of antivenom may develop IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity. Once happened, the antivenom treatment should be stopped promptly and anti-allergy treatment should be given immediately.

The study found that venom samples stored for 35 years were stable, with only a few enzymes showing any sign of degradation. The research also suggests that snake venom from specific species does not vary over time or with location. But, the research did show that prey can adapt and become resistant to a snake's venom.

The inland or western taipan, Oxyuranus microlepidotus, is the most venomous snake in the world, according to Britannica. Native to Australia, this snake has the deadliest venom based on median lethal dose, or LD50, tests on mice.

No, garlic have no effect on snake envenomation and I'll add it to my list of snake bite myths.

Signs or symptoms of a snake bite may vary depending on the type of snake, but may include: Puncture marks at the wound. Redness, swelling, bruising, bleeding, or blistering around the bite. Severe pain and tenderness at the site of the bite.

The majority of pure neurotoxic envenomations (NEs) are inflicted during sleep by the kraits. The bite is often painless, and it is not rare to find the patients dead in the morning. Mortality is rare with viper bites that cause hemotoxic envenomation (HE) and occur mostly during activity and daytime.

Also, do not give the victim anything to eat or drink since this can expedite the venom's absorption. Don't apply ice, a tourniquet, attempt to cut the wound or remove the poison. Also, do not immerse the wound in cold water, for this can necrotize the tissue and is sometimes more dangerous than the snake bite itself.

What NOT TO DO if You or Someone Else is Bitten by a Snake

• Do not pick up the snake or try to trap it (this may put you or someone else at risk for a bite).
• Do not apply a tourniquet.
• Do not slash the wound with a knife.
• Do not suck out the venom.
• Do not apply ice or immerse the wound in water.